Ribavirin
ribavirin (RBV)
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Standard Dose
Ribavirin dosage depends on several factors, including indication for treatment, patient lab values, and patient tolerability. It is given in either fixed doses or in doses related to weight (weight-based). The dose range is 600 mg to 1,200 mg per day taken in two divided doses. Ribavirin is now only available as a generic tablet or capsule; other products have been discontinued. It must be taken with food. Ribavirin may be added to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in people that have severe hepatic impairment (decompensated cirrhosis) or in people who have certain resistance mutations that make the DAA less effective. It should never be taken by itself for treatment of hepatitis C. Use of ribavirin is contraindicated in people with creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 50 mL/min.Take missed dose as soon as possible unless it is less than 12 hours until your next dose. Do not double up on your next dose.
Manufacturer
Generic capsules/tablets: Manufacturers varyAWP
(based on 600 — 1,200 mg / day dosing)Generic (200 mg tablet): $744–$1,489 / month
Generic (200 mg capsule): $858–$1,715 / month
Potential Side Effects and Toxicity
There are very serious potential side effects associated with ribavirin: anemia and birth defects, miscarriage and stillbirth. The anemia caused by ribavirin can be very severe and can happen very quickly, usually within the first 1–2 weeks of starting treatment. Anemia can cause severe fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and shortness of breath; routine blood testing for anemia, neutropenia, and other blood conditions is recommended. The anemia may also cause or worsen cardiac conditions.
The other major side effect is birth defects or fetal death in pregnant people. People who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant, and males whose partners are pregnant, should not take ribavirin. People of childbearing age and their male sexual partners must use two forms of birth control throughout treatment and for six months post-treatment. It is unknown if ribavirin passes through breast milk or the impact it could have on breast- or chestfeeding babies.
Other side effects that have been reported with ribavirin include rash, itching, and a small risk of pancreatitis. If you experience any symptoms related to pancreatitis (severe stomach pain that radiates to your back, nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea) you should consult a medical provider or go to an emergency department for evaluation. If you have renal (kidney) disease, talk with your medical provider about potential dosage adjustments as the levels of ribavirin can be increased dramatically. Some people who are taking ribavirin experience what is commonly called “riba-rage,” that is they get easily irritated and get angry easier.
Potential Drug Interactions
Ribavirin cannot be used with the HIV medication didanosine (Videx-EC, Videx, ddI) as this combination can lead to potentially fatal levels of ddI. Similarly, azathioprine (an immunosuppressive) cannot be used due to increased concentrations of azathioprine. Use caution if ribavirin is given with zidovudine, lamivudine, or stavudine (medications to treat HIV) due to potential for worsening side effects (anemia) and possible loss of HIV viral suppression (controversial if this actually occurs).
More Information
It’s not entirely understood how ribavirin works against HCV. It previously played a major part in HCV treatment for years when used in combination with interferon but is now generally reserved for certain patient populations with severe hepatic impairment or drug resistance. We are essentially in the ribavirin-free era with many of the current HCV DAAs.
If you need to take ribavirin, the side effects can be difficult. If you become anemic while on ribavirin, your medical provider may need to adjust the dose accordingly. The anemia often happens quickly, so get blood tests to monitor it early in your treatment. “Riba-rage” is not a common occurrence, but it’s good to be aware and (if disclosing HCV status is not an issue) telling the people around you about it so you can get the support you need to minimize its impact.
